Business Organization

Explore essential business organization concepts: structures, finance, marketing, trade, and supporting systems. Understand how enterprises function and succeed in the economy.

Business Organization

1 Nature and Scope of Business

  1. Human Activities
  2. Business
  3. Business Distinguished from Profession and Employment
  4. Classification of Business
  5. Industry
  6. Commerce
  7. Trade
  8. Aids to Trade
  9. Organisation

2 Forms of Business Organisation-I

  1. Sole Trader Organisation
  2. Partnership Form of Organisation
  3. Joint Hindu Family Firm
  4. Company Form of Organisation
  5. Cooperative Form of Organisation

3 Forms of Business Organisation-II

  1. Requisites of an Ideal Form of Business Organisation
  2. Comparison of Various Forms of Organisations
  3. Criteria for the Choice of Organisation
  4. Choice of Form of Organisation

4 Business Promotion

  1. An Entrepreneur
  2. Functions of an Entrepreneur
  3. Distinction between Entrepreneur and Promoter
  4. Types of Promoters
  5. Proprietary Concern
  6. Partnership Firm
  7. Joint Stock Company
  8. Cooperative Society

5 Methods of Raising Finance

  1. Need for and Importance of Finance
  2. Types of Financial Needs
  3. Ownership Capital
  4. Borrowed Capital
  5. What is Capital Structure?
  6. Factors Determining the Capital Structure
  7. Issue of Shares
  8. Issue of Debentures
  9. Loans from Financial Institutions
  10. Loans from Commercial Banks
  11. Public Deposits
  12. Retention of Profits
  13. Trade Credit
  14. Factoring
  15. Discounting Bills of Exchange
  16. Bank Overdraft and Cash Credit

6 Sources of Long Term Finance and Underwriting

  1. Nature and Importance of Long-term Finance
  2. Sources of Long-term Finance
  3. Capital Market
  4. Special Financial Institutions
  5. Leasing Companies
  6. Foreign Sources
  7. Retained Profits
  8. Underwriting

7 Stock Exchanges

  1. What is a Stock Exchange?
  2. Functions of Stock Exchanges
  3. Method of Trading on a Stock Exchange
  4. Types of Dealings in a Stock Exchange
  5. Some Important Terms
  6. Listing of Securities on a Stock Exchange
  7. Speculation and Stock Exchange
  8. Factors Affecting Prices in a Stock Exchange
  9. Advantages and Shortcomings
  10. Regulation and Control of Stock Exchanges

8 Advertising

  1. What is Advertising?
  2. Difference Between Advertisement and Publicity
  3. Objectives of Advertisement
  4. Role of Advertising in the Society
  5. Essentials of an Effective Advertisement

9 Advertising Media

  1. Meaning and Importance of Media
  2. Types of Media and Their Characteristics
  3. Requisites of an Ideal Medium
  4. Evaluation of Media
  5. Choice of Media
  6. Role of Advertising Agencies

10 Home Trade and Channels of Distribution

  1. Home Trade and Distribution System
  2. What is a Channel of Distribution?
  3. Functions of Channels of Distribution
  4. Channels of Distribution Used
  5. Channels of Distribution used for Consumer Goods
  6. Channels of Distribution used for Industrial Goods
  7. Factors Influencing the Choice of Channel
  8. Types of Middlemen
  9. Role of Middlemen

11 Wholesalers and Retailers

  1. Who is a Wholesaler?
  2. Importance of Wholesalers
  3. Types of Wholesalers
  4. Functions of Wholesalers
  5. Services of Wholesalers
  6. Meaning and Importance of Retailing
  7. Functions of Retailers
  8. Services of Retailers
  9. Itinerant Retailers
  10. Fixed Shop Retailers
  11. Small Scale Retail Shops
  12. Large Scale Retail Shops

12 Procedure for Import and Export Trade

  1. What is Foreign Trade?
  2. Types of Foreign Trade
  3. Importance of Foreign Trade
  4. Problems in Foreign Trade
  5. India’s Foreign Trade Performance
  6. Regulations Governing Foreign Trade
  7. Export Trade Procedure
  8. Import Trade Procedure

13 Banking

  1. What is a Bank
  2. Types of Banks
  3. Role of Commercial Banks
  4. Banker and Customer
  5. Rights of a Bank
  6. Types of Bank Accounts
  7. Modes of Making Payments
  8. Advances
  9. Modes of Creating Charge
  10. Other Bank Services

14 Business Risk and Insurance

  1. What is a Business Risk
  2. Pervasiveness of Risks in Business
  3. Types of Business Risks
  4. Risk Management
  5. What is Insurance
  6. Insurable Risks and Non-insurable Risks
  7. Contract of Insurance
  8. Components of an Insurance Contract
  9. Legal Aspects of Insurance
  10. Kinds of Insurance
  11. Life Insurance
  12. Marine Insurance
  13. Fire Insurance
  14. Motor Insurance
  15. Miscellaneous Insurance
  16. Difficulties between Life Insurance and Other Insurance

15 Transport and Warehousing

  1. Trade and Barriers to Trade
  2. Transport – Its Importance
  3. Essentials of a Good Transport System
  4. Modes of Transport
  5. Road Transport
  6. Rail Transport
  7. Sea Transport
  8. Air Transport
  9. Miscellaneous Modes
  10. Choice of Mode of Transport
  11. Containerisation
  12. Clearing and Forwarding Agents
  13. Warehousing
  14. Types of Warehouses

16 Government in Business

  1. Reasons Underlying Government Control Over Private Business
  2. Instruments of Government Control
  3. Why Does the Government Participate in Business?
  4. What is a Public Enterprise?
  5. Features and Objectives of Public Enterprises
  6. Performance of Public Enterprises
  7. Contribution of Public Enterprises
  8. Problems of Public Enterprises

17 Forms of Organisation in Public Enterprises

  1. Departmental Organisation
  2. Public Corporation
  3. Government Company
  4. Comparison of the Forms of Organisation

18 Public Utilities

  1. What is a Public Utility?
  2. Features of Public Utilities
  3. Organisation and Management of Public Utilities
  4. Pricing Policy of Public Utilities
  5. Sales Policy of Public Utilities
  6. Public Control and State Regulation